भारत में करेंसी नोटों का इतिहास बेहद गहरा रहा है. इनमें समय-समय पर कई बदलाव हुए हैं. भारत में पिछले कई दशकों से हम नोट और सिक्कों की मदद से ही लेन-देन करते आ रहे हैं. हालांकि, पिछले कुछ सालों से लेन-देन ‘डिजिटल पेमेंट्स’ के ज़रिए भी होने लगी है, लेकिन आज भी एक तबका ऐसा है जो कैश में ही लेन-देन करना पसंद करता है. देश में मौजूदा समय में 2000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 और 1 रुपये के नोट प्रचलन में हैं. इनमें से 1 रुपये का नोट RBI द्वारा जारी नहीं किया जाता है.
भारत में लेन-देन के दौरान अक्सर हम देखते हैं कि नोट एक हाथ से दूसरे हाथ में घूमते रहते हैं. इस प्रक्रिया में कई नोट कट-फट जाते हैं. बारिश के मौसम में भीगने की वजह से भी कई नोट ख़राब हो जाते हैं. ऐसे में ख़राब और कटे-फटे नोटों को लेने से दुकानदार भी मना कर देता है. कई लोग पेट्रोल पंप पर कटे-फटे नोट चलाने की कोशिश करते हैं. इस दौरान नोट जब पेट्रोल पंप पर भी न चले तो लोग थक हारकर बैंक के पास जाते हैं.
रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ़ इंडिया (Reserve Bank of India) अपने ग्राहकों को पुराने कटे-फटे नोटों के बदले नये नोट देने की सुविधा देता है. ग्राहकों से कटे-फटे नोट लेने के बाद RBI इन्हें चलन से बाहर कर देता है. कटे-फटे नोट चलन से बाहर होने के बाद उनकी जगह पर नये नोट जारी किए जाते हैं. इस दौरान चलन से बाहर हुए नोटों का निपटारा करने और नए नोट छापने की ज़िम्मेदारी भी आरबीआई (RBI) की ही होती है.
भारत में छपने वाले हर करेंसी नोट की एक औसतन लाइफ़ होती है, जिसका अंदाजा आरबीआई (RBI) उनकी प्रिंटिंग के वक्त ही लगा लेता है. नोट की सेल्फ़ लाइफ़ पूरी होने के बाद RBI इन्हें वापस ले लेता है. इन कटे-फटे नोटों को विभिन्न बैंकों के ज़रिए इकट्ठा किया जाता है और फिर ये RBI तक पहुंचते हैं.
कटे-फटे नोटों को किया जाता है रीसाइकल
इस दौरान RBI द्वारा सबसे पहले इन नोटों के छोटे-छोटे टुकड़े किए जाते हैं. पुराने ज़माने में इन नोटों को जला दिया जाता था, लेकिन पर्यावरण की बिगड़ती स्थिति को देखते हुए अब नोटों को रीसाइकल (Recycle) किया जाता है. रीसाइकल करके इससे कई तरह के प्रोडक्ट बनाए जाते हैं. इनमें अधिकतर कागज की चीज़ें ही होती हैं. आख़िर में रीसाइकल किए गए कटे-फटे नोटों से बनी चीज़ों को बिकने के लिए मार्किट में भेज दिया जाता है.
आरबीआई (RBI) के पास 10 हज़ार रुपये तक का नोट छापने का अधिकार है, लेकिन कब कितने नोट छापने हैं, इसके लिए आरबीआई को भारत सरकार से स्वीकृति लेनी पड़ती है.
Certainly, there are ballpark estimates and solid conjectures—around 30 years ago, say,
or sometime in the mid-80s—but for many Independent Presbyterian Church parishioners,
it seems difficult.
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